Graduate of the seminary, Assistant Professor and Director of the Department of Sociology, Seminary and University Research Institute, Qom, Iran
Abstract
Nowadays, the concept of family leisure has emerged because family is the best social environment for members to spend their leisure time together. Family leisure strengthens the structure of families by strengthening the structural and emotional relationships of families. Therefore, we need to expand and redefine our understanding of family leisure. This study, by reviewing the literature and theories of family leisure and research texts, answers this question: what is the definition of family leisure in the new lifestyle and how is it compatible with religious teachings? How to combine leisure with religious statements that seem to have a negative attitude toward leisure? This study concluded that 1) according to Islamic traditions, two types of leisure can be considered for each family member: The first is the same type expressed in the narration of Imam Ali (AS), that is, the use of pleasures, which is what this article sought; and the second one is about a person who has finished his daily work and occupation, has performed his worships, and has also enjoyed the legitimate (Halal) pleasures of life, and still has extra opportunities. This type of leisure means the same as unemployment, which is condemned by Islam, and should be used properly; otherwise, it destroys the true comfort of the individual and the family. The second finding is that no Islamic propositions were found to indicate the impropriety of the leisure time in question, but also propositions were found to confirm and emphasize family leisure. What is forbidden in Islamic propositions is laziness, unemployment, and euphoria.
متقی، علیبن حسامالدین. 1409ق. کنز العمال فی سنن الاقوال و الافعال. بیجا: مؤسسة الرساله.
المجلسی، محمدباقر. 1403ق. بحار الأنوار. بیروت: داراحیاء التراث العربی.
معین، محمد. 1391. فرهنگ معین، تهران: امیرکبیر.
مکارم شیرازی، ناصر. 1371. تفسیر نمونه، تفسیر و بررسی تازهای دربارۀ قرآن مجید با در نظر گرفتن نیازها، خواستها، پرسشها، مکتبها و مسائل روز. قم: دار الکتب الاسلامیه.
ورام، مسعودبن عیسی. 1368. تنبیه الخواطر و نزههالنواظر المعروف بمجموعه ورام. قم: دارالکتاب الاسلامیه.
Bandoroff, S., and Scherer, D.G. 1994. Wilderness family therapy: An innovative treatment approach for problem youth. Journal of Child and Family Studies, 3(2): 175-191.
Bella, L. 1989. Women and leisure: Beyond androcentrism. In E. L. Jackson and T. L. Burton (Eds.), Understanding leisure and recreation: Mapping the past, charting the future. State College, PA: Venture Publishing Inc.
Coakley, J. 2009. The good father: Parental expectations and youth sports. In T. Kay (Ed.), Fathering through Sport and Leisure. New York: Routledge.
Dunn, J., Kinney, D., and Hofferth, S. 2003. Parental ideologies and children’s after-school activities. American Behavioral Scientist, 46(10): 1359-1386.
Hebblethwaite, S., and Norris, J. E. 2010. “You don't want to hurt his feelings...”: Family leisure as a context for intergenerational ambivalence. Journal of Leisure Research, 42 (3): 489-508.
Holman, T. B., and Jacquart, M. 1988. Leisure - activity patterns and marital satisfaction: A further test. Journal of Marriage and the Family, 50, 69-77.
Hornberger, L. B., Zabriskie, R. B., and Freeman, P. 2010. Contributions of family leisure to family functioning among single-parent families. Leisure Sciences, 32 (2): 143-161.
Johnson, H. A., Zabriskie, R. B., and Hill, B. 2006. The contribution of couple leisure involvement, leisure time, and leisure satisfaction to marital satisfaction. Marriage & Family Review, 40(1): 69-91.
Kay, T. 2006. Where's dad? Fatherhood in leisure studies. Leisure Studies, 25 (2): 133-152.
Kay, T. 2009. The landscape of fathering. In T. Kay (Ed.), Fathering through sport and leisure. New York: Routledge.
Kelly, J. R. 1983. Leisure identities and interactions. Boston: Allyn and Unwin.
Kelly, J. R. 1997. Changing issues in leisure-family research. Journal of Leisure Research, 29(1): 132-134.
Kelly, J. R. 1999. Leisure and society: A dialectical analysis. In E. L. Jackson and T. L. Burton (Eds.), Leisure studies: Prospects for the twenty-first century. State College, PA:Venture.
Lareau, A. 2002. Invisible inequality: Social class and childrearing in black families and white families. American Sociological Review, 67(5): 747-776.
Mahoney, J.L., Larson, R.W., and Eccles, J.S. 2005. Organized activities as contexts of development. Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Earlbaum Associates.
Nelson, D. A., Capple, M. L., and Adkins, D. 1995. Strengthening families through recreation: Family outdoor recreation activities provide opportunities for skill development and socialization. Parks and Recreation, 6, 44-47.
Olson, D. H. 1993. Circumplex model of marital and family system: Assessing family functioning. In F. Walsh (Ed.), Normal family processes. New York: Guilford Press.
Orthner, D. K. 1976. Patterns of leisure and marital interaction. Journal of Leisure Research, 8(98): 111.
Orthner, D. K., and Mancini, J. A. 1991. Benefits of leisure for family bonding. In B. L. Driver, P. J. Brown, and G. L. Peterson (Eds.), Benefits of Leisure (pp. 289-301). State College, PA: Venture Publishing Inc.
Rosenblatt, P. C., Titus, S. L., Nevaldine, A., and Cunningham, M. R. 1979. Marital system differences and summer-long vacations: Togetherness-apartness and tension. The American Journal of Family Therapy, 7 (1): 77-84.
Shannon, C. S. 2003. Mothers and daughters: Similrities and differences in work, family, and leisure roles. World Leisure Journal, 45(4): 37-43.
Shaw, S. M. 1992. Dereifying family leisure: An examination of women's and men's everyday experiences and perceptions of family leisure. Leisure Sciences, 14 (4): 271-286.
Shaw, S. M. 1997. Controversies and contradictions in family leisure: An analysis of conflicting paradigms. Journal of Leisure Research, 29 (1): 98-112.
Shaw, S. M. 2008. Family leisure and changing ideologies of parenthood. Sociology Compass, 2 (2): 688-703.
Shaw, S. M., and Dawson, D. 2001. Purposive leisure: Examining parental discourses on family activities. Leisure Sciences, 23, 217 – 231.
Smith, K. M., Freeman, P. A., and Zabriskie, R. B. 2009. An examination of family communication withing the Core and Balance model of family leisure functioning.
Tremblay, M., and Willms, J. 2003. Is the Canadian childhood obesity epidemic related to physical inactivity? International Journal of Obesity, 27(9): 1100-1105.
Trussell, D. E., and Shaw, S. M. 2009. Changing family life in rural context: Women's perspectives of family leisure on the farm. Leisure Sciences, 31(5): 344-449.
Trussell, D. E., and Saw, S. M. 2007. “Daddy's gone and he'll be back in October”: Farm women's experiences of family leisure. Journal of Leisure Research, 39 (2): 366-387.
Wearing, B. 1998. Leisure and Feminist Theory. London: Sage Publications. West, P. C., and Merriam, L. C. Jr. 2009. Outdoor recreation and family cohesiveness: A research approach. Journal of Leisure Research, 2(4): 251-259.
West, P. C., and Merriam, L. C. Jr. 2009. Outdoor recreation and family cohesiveness: A research approach. Journal of Leisure Research, 2(4): 251-259.
Wiersma, L. D., and Fifer, A. M. 2008. “The schedule has been tough but we think it's worth it”: The joys, challenges, and recommendations of youth sport parents. Journal of Leisure Research, 40 (4): 505-530.
Zabriskie, R. B., and McCormick, B. P. 2001. The influences of family leisure patterns on perceptions of family functioning. Family Relations, 50 (3): 281-289.